GEO INSIGHTS

Since 1974, ESOPs have expanded dramatically in the U.S., growing from 1,600 to over 8,000 companies and giving more than eight million employees an ownership stake. Studies show that ESOP firms grow faster in sales and employment than comparable companies, especially when employee ownership is combined with genuine participation in decision-making. Beyond financial gains, ESOPs foster stronger engagement, motivation, and long-term stability, proving most effective when both ownership and participation are present together.

Research shows that employee share schemes can boost productivity, corporate performance, growth, and employee compensation, particularly when combined with wider employee participation in decision-making. Large-scale studies found that ESOP companies often achieve higher returns on assets, sales growth, wages, and organizational stability compared to non-ESOP firms, with markets responding positively to their adoption. While results vary depending on structure and motivation, overall evidence suggests that employee ownership fosters stronger financial outcomes and a more engaged, stable workforce.

Employee ownership is generally associated with higher productivity, job stability, company survival, and broader sharing of wealth, which can help reduce inequality and improve economic resilience. While risks such as free-riding and financial exposure exist, evidence shows these can be mitigated through supportive policies like employee participation, training, and diversification. Given its potential benefits for both firms and society, many argue that public policies—such as tax incentives, supportive infrastructure, and legal frameworks—are justified to encourage wider adoption of employee ownership.

Research consistently shows that employee share ownership can improve company performance, especially when combined with wider employee participation in decision-making. Studies across the U.S. and U.K. found higher productivity, sales growth, return on assets, and shareholder returns among companies with share ownership plans compared to peers. Surveys also highlight cultural benefits, with employees reporting greater motivation, loyalty, job satisfaction, and alignment with company values.

A new bipartisan proposal, the SHARE Act, would give public companies a 3% corporate tax rate discount if they distribute at least 5% of their stock to the lowest-paid 80% of employees. Sponsors project the plan could transfer nearly $4 trillion in stock value to about 40 million middle-class Americans, helping narrow wealth inequality while boosting employee ownership and loyalty. Companies could offset share dilution through the tax break, and stock awards would be tax-deductible for businesses and tax-free for employees.